Analysis of results showed that CLQ can effect the conformation of human ACE2 receptor
Key points • Data concerning metabolism and properties of CQ/HCQ are discussed
Introduction Chloroquine (CQ) and its analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have long been used worldwide as frontline drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of all
Uptake and Mode of Action of Chloroquine in Plasmodium
Against COVID-19, chloroquine functioned at both entry and at post-entry stages of infection in Vero E6 cells
Chloroquine metabolism
chloroquine accumulates in the endosome and prevents acidification, a process that is crucial to several viruses in promoting fusion and SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell membrane
On the contrary, terminal glycosylation of the ACE2 receptor was impaired, which may affect viral binding 7
The Golgi is crucial for example for glycosylation and therefore the proper activation of numerous proteins [75 – 78]
Recently, in vitro assays suggest that chloroquine may have utility in the treatment of several viral infections including influenza
Viral infection is a multistep process involving the fusion of virus with host cell membrane, viral particle transport, nucleic acid replication and transcription, protein glycosylation, viral assembly and viral release (Fig
Again in the case of HIV, CQ reduces the production of the heavily glycosylated epitope 2G12, which is located on the gp120 envelope glycoprotein surface which is
NH 4 Cl exhibits a more pronounced effect than does chloroquine on terminal glycosylation, highlighting the novel intricate differences between chloroquine and ammonium chloride in affecting the protein transport or glycosylation of SARS-CoV spike protein and its receptor, ACE2, despite their well-established similar effects of
Chloroquine and ammonium chloride prevent terminal Finally, chloroquine induces the production of non-infectious retrovirus particles, as shown with the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus REV-A and with HIV-1